Abstract.
Computer
simulation is a formal method for generating predictions about
behavior. It is thus a means of expressing, as opposed to
testing, theory. Theories expressed as computer
simulations are tested in exactly the same way that natural
language and mathematically expressed theories are tested—by
comparison to empirical observations of real behavior.
This chapter considers how computers can be made to simulate
behavior, particularly that of small groups, and how such
simulations can benefit theory development. It is written
for those unfamiliar with computer simulation methods, and so
emphasizes just a few central concepts related to the use and
implementation of computer simulations. The chapter
is organized around three generic approaches to computer
simulation: formula translation, generative process modeling,
and agent-based modeling. These three approaches emerged
at different points in the history of computer simulation, and
each offers a different set of capabilities. The chapter
concludes by considering some of the challenges faced by those
who want to begin using computer simulation as part of their
work, along with strategies for overcoming those challenges.